美国锈带地区城市化历程及其对东北老工业基地的启示

Evolution of Urbanization for the US Rust Belt and Its Implication for the Northeast Old Industrial Base

在经济全球化和信息化加速推进的进程中,城市应该如何发展?这是振兴东北老工业基地战略实施必须考虑的一个重大基础问题。本文采用美国锈带地区的人口普查数据以及相关文献资料,分析了美国锈带城市化的演变历程。结果表明:美国锈带城市化历程大致可以分为城市的兴起、城市化快速推进、郊区化三个阶段,其城市化过程可谓经验和教训兼备。对于东北老工业基地而言,其未来推进可持续城市化的对策应加快产业结构调整,促进城市化与工业化协调发展;优化城市体系结构,促进中小城镇发展;推进农业产业化进程,加强农产品加工业的发展;加强科技创新,以先进的技术和理念推进老工业基地调整改造。

Based on the census data of the US, the study analyzes the evolution of urbanization characteristics of US Rust Belt, which may provide some implications for the sustainable urbanization of the Northeast old industrial base. Results showed that the urbanization process of the Rust Belt can be divided into three periods： the rise period of the cities, rapid urbanization period, and the metropolitanization period. However, the progress has so far been mixed. Therefore, the Northeast old industrial base should speed up the industrial structure adjustment and coordinate relationship between urbanization and industrialization, optimize the urban system and development the small towns, pay more attention to develop the agricultural industry and promote development of the food manufacture, strengthen technological innovation, promote the revitalization of the northeast old industry base.