美国“弱耦合型”国家治理模式研究

A Study on the "Weak Coupling" State Governance Model of American

研究美国国家治理模式对当下中国学界关于"国家治理"理论的讨论颇具意义。从国家与社会的相关关系上考虑,美国国家治理可归结为"弱耦合"型治理模式。此种国家治理模式主要通过三种路径完成构建,即多元国家治理价值体系的认同性作用、复合国家治理权力结构的嵌入性优势、多效国家治理主体能力的渗透性发挥。美国国家治理模式的"弱耦合"特征首先体现在"耦合"上,其次体现为"弱关系"。"耦合"包括国家治理结构上的耦合和国家与社会间的耦合。弱关系是指在美国国家治理权力结构下,治理主客体之间存在丰富的弱相关关系。最后,美国国家治理模式同时存在难以克服的制度设计悖论,即保护少数人的精英倾向和地方分离趋势。

The study on state governance of American model is significant for the discussion of ＂state governance＂ in China. From the perspective of state-social relation, the US case exemplifies the pattern of ＂weak coupling＂ that is featured by three dimensions： the identity of state governance’s pluralistic value system, the embedded advantage of composite state governance’s power structure and the permeability of state governance body’s multifunctional ability. The first feature of the US governance model is ＂coupling＂ which means there is a couple from two aspects： the structure of state governance, as well as the state and the society. The second feature is ＂weak-tie＂ that means there is a lot of weak governance relationship between the main object under the US state power structure of governance. At last, state governance of American model is difficult to overcome the institutional design paradox： tendency to protect minority elite and regional separatism.