摘要
尼罗河是地球上最长的河流之一,也是非洲干旱区域重要的淡水补给源,是一条受到人类广泛影响的河流。本文博采以实地研究为支撑的文献,试图解释引起尼罗河流域环境广泛变化的诸多社会驱动力。主要关注点为下尼罗河,这里人类干扰的影响最为突出。我们认为,尼罗河流域的资源管理问题具有既相互关联又相互纠结的特点,若想有效开展流域管理,必须将注意力由与水相关的问题转向整个流域范围的管理规划。这一整体规划在制订时,对环境历史的了解非常重要,并且,"利益共享"理念可以减轻这个极其敏感的干旱流域日益加重的压力。
The Nile is one of the longest rivers on the planet and an important freshwater source for the arid regions of Africa. It is also a river that is extensively affected by anthropogenic impact. This paper aims to provide an account of the social drivers that combine to cause extensive changes in the Nilotic environments. This paper is based on extensive review of literature backed up by ifeld research. The main focus is on the lower Nile, where the effects of anthropogenic disturbances are most prominent. We argue that the Nile Basin is characterized by interrelated and compound problems of resource management, and managing this river system effectively requires shifting the focus from water related problems to a basin wide management agenda. We contend that knowledge of environmental history is important for this agenda shift, and the idea of beneift sharing can aleviate the growing stress on this extremely sensitive arid river basin.
关键词
尼罗河流域
环境变化
社会参数
利益共享
整体研究
Nile Basin
environmental changes
social parameters
beneift sharing
holistic approach
