向普遍性的提升——康德论教化与艺术文化的融合

Rise to the Universal: Kant's View on Cultivation and Convergence of Art and Culture

康德认为先验层面的审美判断具有普遍的可传达性,而经验范围内的审美和艺术却并非如此。如何提高和完善经验性的审美能力,使之具有普遍性,就是教化的问题。根据普通审美判断力的主体内和主体间的两种反思模式、先天和经验性的两种原则,以及导致其不完善运用的两种因素(不纯粹性和有限性),我们可以将康德的教化划分为两个层面:主体内的提升和主体间的扩展——不管这种扩展是微观和个体之间的,还是宏观和社会文化之间的。只有通过文化传承与个体创新之间的平衡,审美共通感的理念才能逐步实现。

Kant asserts the universal communicability of aesthetic judgment on the transcendental level, but not on the empirical level. Cultivation is mainly about how to develop and improve the empiri- cal aesthetic power and make it universal. Concerning aesthetic judgment, there are two reflection pat- terns, intra- subjective and inter-subjective, two reflection principles, a priori and empirical, and two limitations, impurity and finiteness. Thereby, Kant＇s idea of cultivation can be divided into two aspects ： intra-subjective elevation and inter-subjective expansion, on the micro level between individuals and on the macro level between cultures and societies respectively. Only through balance between cultural inher- itance and individual innovation can the idea of aesthetic sensus communis be gradually realized.