话语标记“够了”的语境特征及语用功能

Contextual Features and Pragmatic Functions of the Discourse Marker “Goule( 够了) ”

"够了"是汉语比较常用的话语标记之一。在言语交际过程中,"够了"总是处在一定的前言后语中,并辅以特定的非言语符号。话语标记"够了"总体上表达了说话人的否定态度,具有两种语用功能:第一为话轮标记;第二为不礼貌标记。"够了"话轮标记功能又可细分为话轮起始标记、话轮转换标记和话轮结束标记。在不礼貌标记功能下,"够了"又呈现出批评指责、警告劝诫、讽刺挖苦等微功能。

＂ Goule （够了）＂ is finally used as a discourse marker by means of grammaticalization. In communication, there is always a linguistic context for ＂Goule（够了 ）＂, expressed with certain non-lin- guistic features. The discourse marker ＂Goule （够了 ）＂ is generally employed to express the speaker＇s negative attitude with two pragmatic functions： （1） to mark turns in speeches; （2） to mark impoliteness in speeches. The turn marker ＂Goule（ 够了 ）＂ is to begin, change or end a turn. In marking impolite- ness, there are some micro pragmatic functions, including criticizing, satirizing, dissuading and persua- ding.