麻疹病毒抗肿瘤作用的研究进展

Advances in measles virus for cancer therapy

麻疹病毒能够选择性感染和杀伤多种肿瘤细胞，其中麻疹病毒疫苗株主要通过结合膜辅蛋白、脊髓灰质炎病毒样受体-4进入细胞。研究证实，麻疹病毒疫苗株在体内外对多种肿瘤的生长具有抑制作用。随着生物技术的发展，科学家成功拯救出麻疹病毒疫苗株，并以麻疹病毒疫苗株为基础，在基因水平上对其进行了大量的改造以增强其抗肿瘤能力。目前，麻疹病毒疫苗株治疗卵巢癌、多发性骨髓瘤的一期临床试验已经进行，证实麻疹病毒疫苗株具有潜在的抗肿瘤能力。

Oncolytic virotherapy is a novel cancer therapy. Vaccine-attenuated strains of measles virus （MV） is an ideal candidate for oncolytic virotherapy which has an excellent safety record. Vaccine-attenuated MV uses CD46 and Nectin-4 molecule as major entry receptors into cells. Vaccine-attenuated MV can selectively infect and kill a wide variety of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. With the development of molecular cloning, scientists have successfully rescued cDNA of vaccine-attenuated MV and increased its oncolytic efficiency with molecular engineering techniques. Phase I clinical trials of virotherapy for ovarian cancer and multiple myeloma with vaccine-attenuated MV are underway. The preliminary results indicate the promising antitumor potential of vaccine-attenuated MV.