基于社会信息网络环境下人群聚集频发的公共空间安全设计研究

Security Design of Public Spaces with Concentrated Population in the Current Social Information Network Environment

社会信息网络环境下的信息传播扁平化,使得公共空间热点化并带来人群集聚类型与规模的不确定性,造成超越空间安全容量的踩踏事故频发,凸显了公共空间安全危机的时代背景。基于2001年以来国内外35个重大拥挤踩踏事故的综合评价分析,总结出环境复杂、空间弹性不足等外部环境因子和交通瓶颈区、场地高差、障碍物的存在及安全设施欠缺等内部空间因子是事故发生地的共同特征因子,并通过陈毅广场踩踏事故进行多因子空间叠加模型验证,而后提出建构公共空间安全评价体系、完善活动组织管控区域的安全评估、优化空间安全设计是防范事故发生的重要途径。

The information dissemination is flattening in the current social information network environment, which leads to hotspots and crowd gatherings in public spaces with uncertain type and size. Given the frequency of stampedes caused by overcrowded situations, the space security issues have been highlighted. Based on comprehensive analyses of 35 serious stampede accidents at home and abroad since 2001, common factors have been concluded. Complicated surroundings, lack of space elasticity and so on are the external factors, and the internal factors are existences of bottlenecks, height differences and barriers, as well as lack of space security facilities, etc. And the validity of the multi-factor overlying space model is proved by the example of the stampede at Chenyi Square. Finally, some important approaches to preventing accidents are put forward in the paper, such as building public space safety evaluation systems, improving the safety evaluation of the host sphere of influence, and optimizing space safety design.