景观生态视角下镇域生态服务评价与网络构建

Township Ecosystem Service Evaluation and Network Construction Based on Landscape Ecology

严寒地区的农林牧生产空间和自然环境空间是覆盖镇(乡)域的主体要素,承担着多种人类、动植物和自然生态过程,是景观功能策源地和生态服务功能的枢纽区域。立足于景观生态学视角,借助递阶层次结构模型建立镇域景观要素类型与生态服务功能的分析框架,以生态服务指数构建为手段,Arc GIS操作平台为工具,实现基于单元景观类型累积计量的生态服务强度评价。在此基础上,以"斑块—廊道—基质"为景观结构范式,通过重要的生态服务斑块的辨识与基质阻力表面的建立,运用最小累积阻力模型,循环计算得出镇域生态服务的最小耗费方向与最佳廊道,构建生态服务功能网络,为镇域生态服务强度辨识与功能优化提供新视角、新途径。

The production space and natural space of forestry and animal husbandry in severe cold area are the landscape function matrix and eco-service function hub which undertake the ecological process of human, animals, plants and the natue. The paper established the analysis frame of township landscape element types and eco-service function based on landscape ecology and hierarchical structure model, and completed the evaluation of eco-service intension using unit landscape type accumulative measurement, eco-service index construction and Arc GIS technology. Taking ＂patch-corridor-matrix＂ for paradigm, it is expected to build eco-service patch identification and matrix resistance using the minimum cumulative resistance model circularly to calculate the least-cost orientation and the best path for township while building eco-service function network to provide a new view and a new way of township eco-service intension identification and function optimization.