舞蹈、象征与族群身份表述——以四川尔苏人为例

Dance,Symbol and the Representation of Ethnic Identity:A case study of Ersu people in Sichuan

舞蹈作为一个文化象征符号,可以被用来表述族群身份的差异性。在一次尔苏人火把节舞蹈汇演比赛中,甲队用尔苏人传统舞蹈形式表达他们选择"尔苏"作为单一民族的愿望;乙队则采取了西藏藏族风格的舞蹈形式以表达他们选择"藏族"作为他们的族群身份的愿望;丙队来自一个跟彝族杂居的村子,他们采取了融合尔苏舞蹈和彝族式舞蹈作为他们的参赛舞蹈,丙队同样用舞蹈形式表达了不愿介入甲队和乙队两个舞蹈队编导们所表达的族群身份抉择"对决",而是采取一种折中的形式来参与这个活动。本文认为这种用舞蹈形式表达不同的族群身份的形式是人类社会生活的常态,可以由此看到当今世界各民族文化多样性发生和发展的起因和走向。从现实意义上看,通过这个小个案可以清楚地看到企图掩盖或刻意忽略文化多样性和民族差异性是不可能的,而且极易陷入社会达尔文主义的泥潭,从而影响国家的民族政策的有效实施。

As a cultural symbol, dance can be used to represent the diversity in the identity choice of an eth- nic group. Once in a dance performance （also a competition） of the Torch Festival of Ersu （尔苏） people, Team A chose to perform Ersu dance to express their aspiration that they want to be a unitary nationality; similarly, Team B chose to perform Tibetan dance; while Team C, who are from a village where Ersu people live together with Yi people, chose to perform a dance that combines both Ersu style and Yi style, and did not intend to participate neither Team A nor Team B. The paper holds that it is a common social phenome- non that people from a certain society tend to express their ethnic identity through dance, which more or less demonstrates the rationale for the cultural diversity of different ethnic groups in today＇s world. And we can draw a clear conclusion from the above example that it is impossible to deliberately hide or ignore cultural and ethnic diversity, and such attempts are highly likely to fall into the muddy of social Darwinism and impede the efficient implementation of the state＇s ethnic policies.