肠促胰素研究的新视野

New perspectives of incretin research

肠促胰素是肠道细胞受食物刺激分泌并释放入血,包括胰高糖素样多肽1(glucagon like peptide-1,GLP-1)、葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素多肽(glucose-dependent insulintropic polypeptide)等,能促进胰岛素分泌并调节血糖.GLP-1为小肠L细胞分泌,并通过特异性的GLP-1受体(glucagon like peptide-1receptor,GLP-1R)介导发挥生物学作用.而GLP-1R广泛分布于胰腺及胰腺外组织中包括中枢神经系统、胃肠道系统、心血管系统、肺、肾等组织器官.近年来,GLP-1类药物除了用于糖尿病患者的降糖治疗,因其在保护b细胞,降低体质量,改善内皮细胞功能,预防老年性痴呆均有一定的作用,而备受关注.本文将从GLP-1的合成分泌、对味觉、阿茨海默病的影响、与其他胃肠道激素关系对其进行阐述,为GLP-1更广泛的用于临床和未来的研发提供参考.

Incretins are a group of hormones released into the blood stream by gastrointestinal cells after food stimulation,including glucagon like peptide and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide（GIP）,which can promote insulin secretion and regulate blood sugar.GLP-1 is secreted by intestinal L cells,and fulfills its function through the specific GLP-1 receptor（GLP-1R）.GLP-1R is widely distributed in the pancreas and non-pancreatic tissues such as central nervous system,gastrointestinal tract,cardiovascular system,lungs,and kidneys.In recent years,GLP-1 drugs have been used for the treatment of diabetes,but it has attracted more interest because of its beneficiary effects onβ cell function,weight reduction,endothelial function,and Alzheimer＇s disease.This article will review the recent progress in research of GLP-1 with regards to its synthesis and secretion,its effects on taste and Alzheimer＇s disease,and its relationship with other gastrointestinal hormones,with an aim to illuminate the future clinical use and research of GLP-1.