疑难案件裁判的“唯一正确答案”与“最佳答案”

" Unique Right Answer" and " Best Answer" of Hard Case Trial

德沃金以疑难案件为切入点,提出了司法裁判的"唯一正确答案"命题,晚近又修正为"最佳答案"命题,强调司法裁判以保证个人权利为宗旨;对于疑难案件,没有可以依据的明确规则进行审理,则寻求原则作为准则,对现有法律进行建设性解释,而不能运用政策进行审判;原则是确定的,具有道德价值属性,因而法律问题具有"唯一正确答案",退一步讲,通过合理的整体性、建设性解释,将表面上看似实体问题的法律问题转换为程序问题、方法问题,总会找到疑难案件的"最佳答案"。许霆提起申诉要求旧案重审,这其实再次体现了疑难案件裁判的法治困境,而"建设性解释"往往是在现实规范与国民期待之间寻找博弈平衡点。

Taking hard case as the pointcut, Ronald Dworkin put forward the ＂ unique right answer＂ thesis, and recent amendment to the ＂best answer＂ thesis, which stressed that the justice should ensure the rights of individuals. As for hard case, which can not be judged based on the existing rules, judges should find a basis through ＂ constructive interpretation＂ on existing rules instead of the use of policy for trials. The legal principle is the right norm with the moral value attrib- utes, and thus the answer of the hard legal issues is the ＂unique right answer＂. On second thought, through reasonable integrity, constructive interpretation, we can turn the substantive legal issues as procedural issues and methodological issues, and judges will always find the ＂best answer＂ through the trials of hard case . The appeal of Xu Ting reflects the dilemma between hard case and realistic system, and ＂constructive interpretation＂ is seeking the point of game equilibrium between hard case and realistic system.