局地尺度应对极端气候事件的风险管理:国际经验与借鉴

Risk Management of Extreme Weather Events at Local Scales:Lessons Learned from International Experience

局地尺度作为灾害风险管理最广泛的参与单元,灾害影响最为直接,受灾反应也最为敏锐,而这些局部影响会对国家甚至国际层面产生连锁反应,对未来的全球化适应战略的决策选择具有重要影响。基于适应极端气候和应对灾害风险的经验理论,重点阐述了局地尺度下灾害风险管理的应对现状、机制、能力建设等内容,力求在局地尺度上对不断变化的极端气候和灾害风险管理作进一步诠释,并结合我国国情,提出"因地制宜"是提升局地尺度应对气候变化有效性的关键途径,并发展社区型灾害风险管理以作为未来应对气候变化的重要着力点。

As the unit extensively involved in disaster risk management, local scale has always been immediately affected by disasters with the sharpest response to disasters. Generally, these localized impacts will stimulate chain reactions at national even international level to generate great influences on the decision making for globalized strategy of adaptation in the future. Based on the empirical theory of adaptation to extreme weather events and responses to disaster risk, the purpose of this study is to intensively elaborate the current status, the mechanism, the capability building, and other aspects of disaster risk management at local scale, to interpret, in depth, the continuously changing extreme weather events and disaster risk management, to propose the key approaches in elevating the effectiveness of responses to climate change at local scale, according to local conditions, and to develop the community disaster risk management system as the essential foundation of responses to climate change in the future.