“因袭”与“变革”:清前期对云南边疆与民族的认识及治理

Conventionality and Change:Perception and Governance of the Frontier and Ethni Groups of Yunnan in Early Qing Dynasty

清朝前期,统治者对云南边疆与民族的认知,大致表现为地理偏僻与蛮夷众多的观念。这些认知既受历史传统观念之影响,也含有时代之因素。作为少数民族入主中原的政权,清王朝在传统夷夏思维的承袭上表现出"用夏变夷"的取向。在督抚体制的施行与土司政策的演进历程中,清朝前期对云南边疆与民族的治理,是一个"因袭"与"变革"交替的渐变进程。

In early Qing Dynasty,rulers roughly perceived the frontier and ethnic groups in Yunnan as remoted location and uncivilized barbarians.Such a perception was influenced by traditional ideas and factors of epoch.As aregime of ethnic minority ruling China,Qing rulers showed the orientation to civilize the frontier tribes by Chinese tradition and value.In the process of implementing the local governor system and Tusi policy,the governance of the frontier and ethnic groups of Yunnan in early Qing Dynasty showed agradual transition mixed with conventionality and change.