影响阿尔茨海默病患者家庭照料者生活质量的相关因素分析

The analysis of factors affecting the quality of life of family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer′s disease

目的探讨阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者家庭照料者的生活质量及其影响因素。方法采用自制一般情况问卷、WHO生活质量测定简表(WHOQOL-BREF)、Zarit照料负担量表(ZBI)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)等对64名AD患者的家庭照料者进行调查。结果 (1)AD患者照料者的生活质量总的主观感受得分显著低于健康状况总的主观感受得分(t=-2.217,P=0.030)。生理领域、心理领域得分与中国常模比较,差异无统计学意义(t=-0.252、-1.994,P=0.801、0.050);社会领域、环境领域得分与常模比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-3.830、3.658,P<0.05)。(2)有配偶、亲子关系差、有躯体疾病及患者精神行为症状较重的照料者生活质量较低(P<0.05)。(3)照料者的生活质量总分与照料负担总分呈负相关(r=-0.433,P<0.05),与社会支持总分呈正相关(r=0.346,P<0.05)。(4)婚姻状况、亲子关系、躯体疾病、社会支持是生活质量的主要影响因素(r2=0.409)。结论加强对有配偶、亲子关系较差、身体情况不良的AD照料者的社会支持和心理干预,有助于改善生活质量。

Objective To investigate the quality of life and its influencing factors of families primary caregivers of dementia patients .Methods The typically self made questionnaire ,WHO quality of life measurement profile （WHOQOL‐BREF） ,zarit bur‐den of care scale（ZBI） ,social support rating scale （SSRS） et al were adopted to investigate 64 caregivers of AD patients .Results （1） The overall quality of life of family caregivers of total subjective feelings were significantly lower than the general health status of subjective feeling score （t= -2 .217 ,P=0 .030） .The field of physiological and psychology points have no statistically significant difference in comparison with Chinese norm （t= -0 .252 ,-1 .994 ,P=0 .801 ,0 .050）;the field of social and environment points have statistically significant difference compared with norm（t= -3 .830 ,3 .658 ,P=0 .000 ,0 .001） .（2） caregiver who have spouse , poor parent child relationship and patients with somatic diseases and mental behavior symptoms have lower quality of life（P＆lt;0 .05） .（3）Total score of Quality of life was negatively associated with total score of care burden （r= -0 .433 ,P=0 .000） ,while was significant positive associated with total score of the social support （r=0 .346 ,P=0 .005） .（4）Marital status ,parent‐child rela‐tionship ,physical illness and social support were the main factors affecting the quality of life（r2 =0 .409） .Conclusion Strengthen the social support and psychological intervention of dementia caregivers who has a spouse ,poor parent-child relationship and poor physical condition may help to improve the quality of life .