中国古代官吏辞归问题探析——以清朝甘肃籍士人为例

A Study of the Resignation of Gansu Officials in Qing Dynasty

科举入仕几乎是中国古代所有读书人的共同理想。因为入仕不仅能实现个人的政治理想,而且能获得丰厚的收益和回报,例如可以获取一定财富,可以光耀门楣,可以提升自身及家族的社会地位,等等。然而,由于受到官场腐败、陋规现象泛滥的排挤和影响,受父母年迈、疾患、逝世等孝养思想约束,以及受官员自身疾患等众多因素的制约,中途辞归就成为清代官员乃至整个古代官场中一种常见现象。其中,尤可注意的是,因孝义养亲或禄不养亲而辞归者人数最多。种种辞归,一方面揭示了清朝乃至整个中国古代官场弊端等现象的长期存在,另一方面也说明了孝义养亲传统习俗在中国古代社会的根深蒂固。

The imperial examination is almost the common ideal of all Chinese ancient scholars because they can not only achieve personal political ideals, but also can make huge profits and returns, such as wealth, honor to the family, social status, and so on. However, there are many factors which could make officials give up, such as the official corruption, their parents＇ health, disease, and so on. The most important reason for officials＇ resignation is looking after their parents. This reveals the problems of imperial examination education, bureaucratic abuse and the traditional customs.