清代京城文人与优伶交往的士林心态

The Literatis' Mentality in Communication Between Literati and Actors in the Capital of Qing Dynasty

清代京城文人与优伶交往极为风行,城市格局为士优交往提供了空间便利。京城文人团拜宴饮的城市风气、雅集交游的文化风尚促进了文人与优伶的频繁接触,从而形成一种带有城市特色的文化风尚。士优交往潜隐着特殊的文化背景和深刻的心理内涵。争事冶游的士林情态成为士优交往的重要推动力,反映出晚清京城文人的颓靡风貌及社会心态。在京城特殊的政治文化氛围中,士优交往不仅是一种声色欢娱及交流媒介,还带有京城所特有的功利色彩,文人亦抱有借此谋取政治利益、获取声名的功利心态,由此可觇视晚清京城文人世相与士林心态。

In Qing Dynasty, the communication between literatis and actors is very popular because the structure of the city provides them with spatial convenience and the urban customs of feast and travel make it possible for them to get in touch with each other frequently. Thus a cultural fashion with urban characteristics has been formed. The communication between literatis and actors implicates special cultural background and profound psychological connotations. The literatis＇ preference for argument and travel becomes the important driving force for their commu- nication, reflecting their decadency and social mentality. In the special political environment, their communication is not just an entertainment and medium, but rather it bears the unique color of ulititarianism. In other words, literatis also have decided to take advantages of this opportunity to gain political interest and fame.