洋务运动对近代国人科技意识的影响

Influence of Westernization Movement on Modern Chinese Science and Technology Awareness

中国古代科技成就领先于世界,但到了近代,由于闭关锁国等政策的影响,中国的科技水平停滞在了古代自然哲学的形态。随着太平天国运动和两次鸦片战争的打击,清政府第一次感受到了生存危机。在内忧外患的形势下,为抵御外侮,维护封建统治秩序,清政府被迫进行了一场内部改革,即洋务运动。洋务运动以"自强"和"求富"为口号,使封闭已久的中国迎来了现代科技文明的新鲜气息。洋务运动不仅在技术层面对中国产生了影响,也在思想意识层面对中国的有识之士产生了深刻影响:洋务派由翻译西方科技书籍到自编科技期刊,由依赖传教士被动接受西学到主动培养精通西学的人才,由自办新式学堂到选派留学生出国学习。虽然洋务运动未能挽救清王朝灭亡的命运,但却打开了中国近代科技意识乃至社会价值观的启蒙之门。

Ancient Chinese leads the world in scientific and technological achievement, but in modern times, due to the influence of seclusion and other policies, China＇s scientific and technological level is stalled in the form of ancient natural philosophy. Impacted by the Taiping Movement and the two Opium Wars, the Qing government felt the survival crisis for the first time. In the situation of domestic trouble and foreign invasion, to resist foreign aggression and maintain the feudal ruling order, the Qing government was forced to carry out an internal reform, namely, the Westernization Movement. With ＂self-reliance＂ and ＂striving for richness＂ as the slogan, Westernization Movement brought a fresh breath of modern technological civilization to China which has been close for a long time. Westernization Movement not only had an impact on China at the technical level, but also had a profound impact on Chinese far-sighted personages at the level of ideology and awareness. Advocates of the Westernization Movement first translated Western science and technology books and then compiled science and technology journals by themselves. They first passively received Western culture from Western missionaries and then autonomously cultivated proficient talents for Western culture. They first ran new schools and then sent students to study abroad. The Westernization Movement failed to save the fate of the Qing Dynasty, but it Opened the door to Chinese modern science and technology awareness and even social values.