大都市边缘区土地利用规划对景观格局的影响

Effects of Land Use Planning on the Landscape Pattern in Metropolitan Fringe Area

以重庆市两江新区古路镇为例,运用景观生态学原理和方法,以土地利用规划时点(2009年)、中期(2012年)、末期(2020年)3年的土地利用矢量图为基础,从斑块类型水平和景观水平两个层次选取景观格局指数,定量分析土地利用规划对景观格局的影响。结果表明,规划期内耕地面积减少最为明显,比例由46.12%下降到28.96%,城镇村及工矿用地的比例由8.30%增长到26.58%,增加面积最大;研究区城镇村及工矿用地的聚集度不断增加,形状变得规则,优势度增加,而耕地的破碎化程度加剧,平均斑块面积和最大斑块指数均减小;区域整体景观蔓延度下降,景观多样性、均匀度增加,各景观类型较规划前趋于均衡,一种或几种景观占优势的情况减少。大都市边缘区以建设用地扩张为特征的城镇化过程是影响区域景观格局变化的最主要因素,具有生态价值的景观类型优势度下降,因此,在土地开发利用过程中应融入景观设计和生态保护的理念。

Taking Gulu town of Liangjiang New District in Chongqing city as a study area, based on the land use maps in 2009, 2012 and 2020, the class-level and landscape-level indexes were chosen to analysis the landscape pattern influence caused by land use planning. The result showed that, in the planning period, the area of cultivated land will significantly decrease from 46.12% to 28.96%, the proportion of residential and industrial land area will increase from 8.30% to 26.58%. The aggregation degree of residential and industrial land will increase continuously, the shape will become regular, the dominance will increase, while the fragmentation of cultivated land will increase, the average patch area and largest patch index decrease. The contagion index decrease while the indices of landscape diversity and evenness increase. It shows that the area of each landscape will become average than ever and there will be less dominant landscape. It can be concluded that rapid urbanization by construction land expansion is the direct factor affecting landscape pattern change. The dominance of landscape that possess ecological value will decrease. Landscape design and ecological protection must be taken into account in land development and utilization.