新时期俄罗斯《劳卫制》与中国《国家体育锻炼标准施行办法》对比研究

Comparative Research Russia's System of Labor and Defense and China's National Physical Training Standard Implementation Measures

目的:比较分析俄罗斯《劳卫制》与我国《国家体育锻炼标准施行办法》。方法:分析俄文《劳卫制》及中国《标准》资料,访谈专家。结论:俄《劳卫制》较中国《标准》表现出:战略出发点为培养人力资本,颁文机构为国家层面,条文规定具体,实施步骤有序;目的任务丰富,既完善国家体育政策,也保家卫国及继承传统;测试项目种类多样、精细并具俄罗斯特色,兼顾地方传统,融进了对运动、保健知识了解及对技能掌握程度的内容,并给出了运动处方;责任主体明确,协调面广。建议:提高中国国民对《标准》的认识;《标准》的各项规定应再具体;增添中国特色、传统及部分竞技运动内容,增加运动及健身知识考察;给各人群开运动处方;由国务院统一颁布《标准》。

Objective： The purpose of the study is to compare and analyze Russia＇s System of Labor and Defense and China＇s National Physical Training Standards Implementation Measures. Methods： the paper analyzes the concerning material of Russia＇s System of Labor and Defense and China＇s National Physical Training Standards Implementation Measures and experts are interviewed. Conclusion： Russia＇s System of Labor and Defense is more advanced than China＇s National Physical Training Standards Implementation Measures in that it is characterized by its high strategic level,diversified and exquisite testing items with Russian characteristics,and its explicit subject of responsibility with wide range of coordination. Suggestions： National awareness of the ＂ standard＂ should be strengthened,the provisions of the standard should be more specific,Chinese characteristics,traditional and some competitive sports contents should be added with more sports and fitness knowledge tests.Sports prescriptions should be worked out for different sports population and Standard should be issued by the state.