寻回身体的记忆:清末民初女子体育教育的身体社会学读解

Analysis of Women's Physical Education in the Late- Qing and Early- ROC Period From the Perspective Body Sociology

清末民初,女性的身体被一场关乎国家民族生死存亡的危机抬进了历史的前台。以国族利益为名,对"女子"的身体进行了改造,以致近代女子体育教育的勃兴。通过选取这个独具身体社会学意涵的历史切片,对女性通过接受体育教育、自觉萌发身体意识,以及国家通过建立对新的身体规训制度重塑"新女性"的转折期进行纵深考量。本研究主要采用文献资料法和逻辑分析法,得到以下结论:教会女子学校和国人自办学校是女子体育发生、发展的两个主要阵地,国家通过制度设计、教科书编撰和师资培养予以制度保障。大多数女子们的身体由身困家中到身为国有、身为国用,渐入身心分离之境地。

In the Late- Qing- Early- ROC Period,women＇s body was raised into the stage of history by a life- and- death national crisis. In the name of the state and nation,women＇s body was reconstructed,which resulted in the vigorous growth of women＇s physical education. Focusing on this historic period which was crucial in body sociology,the research mainly probes into the transmission period during which the image of＂new women＂was established through physical education and conscious body awareness. The research result indicates that Church girls＇ schools and state- run girls＇ schools were two major places providing physical education for girls and the country provided system guarantee by designing systems,compiling textbooks and training teaching staff. Most women＇s bodies were no longer family- stuck because they were gradually owned and employed by the country.