减施化肥对烤烟叶片光合特性、叶绿素荧光特性和产质量的影响

Effect of Reducing Amount of Chemical Fertilizer on Leaf Photosynthetic Characteristics,Chlorophyll Fluorescence,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

为推动优质特色烤烟的生产,在田间试验条件下,以烤烟品种龙江911为材料,研究减施化肥对烤烟叶片光合特性和叶绿素荧光特性及产质量的影响。结果表明:减施化肥增施有机肥提高了中部叶的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、ΦPSⅡ,但降低了中部叶的SPAD值,总施氮量为39.75和32.25kg·hm-2的处理提高了烤烟中部叶的水分利用率,而总施氮量低于32.25kg·hm-2的处理降低了烤烟中部叶的水分利用率;上等烟率、中上等烟率、橘色烟率、均价、产量和产值均以减施化肥总含氮量为39.75kg·hm-2时最高,总施氮量为2.25kg·hm-2的处理降低了烤烟中部叶的橘色烟率、产量和产值。说明减施化肥总含氮量为39.75kg·hm-2时为最适当,有利于提高烤烟中部叶的光合能力、叶绿素荧光特性及叶片的产质量,过少的施氮量则降低烤烟叶片产质量。

In order to promote the production of high quality flue-cured tobacco,taking flue-cured tobacco variety LongJiang 911 as material under field experiment,the effect of reducing chemical-fertilizer on leaf photosynthetic characteristics,the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics,the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied.The results showed that the SPAD was decline when reducing amount of chemical-fertilizer,but the photosynthetic rate,the rate of transpiration,stomatal conductance and actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡin the light increased,treatments that nitrogenous fertilizer amount overall of 39.75 and 32.25kg·hm-2improved water use efficiency,and nitrogenous fertilizer amount below 32.25kg·hm-2 reduced the flue-cured tobacco water use efficiency;nitrogenous fertilizer amount of 39.75 kg hm-2had the highest of the proportion of tobacco leaves with middle and first rank,orange level rate,average price,yield and output value of the fluecured tobacco on middle leaf,nitrogenous fertilizer overall amount of 2.25kg·hm-2 reduced orange level rate,yield and output value.The results indicated that 39.75kg·hm-2 amount of nitrogenous fertilizer about reducing amount of chemical-fertilizer was the most appropriate value,which was advantage to enhance the photosynthetic characteristics,the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics,the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco on leaf,little amount of nitrogenous fertilizer would be reduce yield and quality of flue cured tobacco leaves.