TPP协定胡志明回合谈判的知识产权保护规则博弈——中国知识产权政策比较与战略思考

Game of Intellectual Property Protection Rules in the Ho Chi Minh Round Negotiations of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement——A comparative reflections on China' s intellectual property policy and strategies

由美国主导谈判的亚太区域自由贸易协定《跨太平洋伙伴协定》(TPP)在美国私人产业利益集团作用下力图推进新世纪的高标准要求,12个经济发展水平各异的谈判国家不可避免地在多项议题上僵持不下,在知识产权领域的规则争议尤其突出。2014年10月维基解密的胡志明回合谈判知识产权章节文本表明谈判基于美国建议草案进行,美国继续坚持有关数字环境中知识产权保护、知识产权执法、生物制药和农化制品专利及测试数据保护等方面的利益与权利扩张保护要求,而一些发展中谈判国及受到国内压力的其他谈判国对超TRIPs协定标准进行了有限的抵制,以维护公共政策空间与国家自治权限。TPP知识产权谈判对中国的启示意义不止于是否加入TPP的外交政治策略层面,而更深层的意义在于引发中国对知识产权政策与国情的反思与布局调整。

The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement negotiations are targeted for an Asia-Pacific regional trade agreement of high standards of 21 st century. They are led by the US and pushed by the interest groups of private industries. There have been inevitably many disputes among the 12 negotiating parities of different development level,typically on intellectual property issues. The Intellectual Property Rights（ IPRs）Chapter draft of Ho Chi Minh Round negotiations exposed by the Wiki Leaks suggests the US concerns on IPRs protection in digital environment,enforcement of IPRs,patents of bio-tech pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals,data exclusivity. The US trade representatives claim for many rights expansions, encountering some resistances of responding opinions from other negotiating countries,constructing a game of rules between TRIPs-Plus standards and national autonomy in public policy.China should be more concerned about responding adjustment of its IP policies according to its own conditions for a better construction of development than merely considering the strategies of joining or not in the TPP negotiations.