大型电力变压器火灾安全研究

Research on the Fire Safety of Large Power Transformer

为总结变压器火灾相关经验,结合国际大电网会议（CIGRE）变压器（A2）工作组所开展的研究以及中国电力科学研究院的统计情况,通过对变压器火灾时内部包括电弧能量、气体产生、压强计算模型、压力容器和压力释放等方面,对其内部电弧和油箱破裂进行了分析,并给出了国外和国内的变压器火灾概率的相关统计：国外变压器火灾发生概率为（0.04%~0.25%）/a,根据中国电力科学研究院近20 a收集的事故统计,国内变压器火灾发生概率约为（0.01%~0.03%）/a。套管故障是导致变压器起火的重要原因之一,通过模拟分析了故障发生过程;在此基础之上,结合运行经验,从不同角度全面地给出了降低变压器火灾风险的措施。

To summarize experiences in transformer fire, we analyzed the arc inside the transformer＇s tank and rupture itself from several aspects such as arc energy, gas generation, pressure calculation model, pressure containers and release of pressure on the basis of efforts of CIGRE A2 Working Group and statistical information of China electrical power re- search institute （CEPRI）, and revealed the probability of the power transformer fire on the basis of home （about （0.01%-0.03%）/peryear） and abroad （about （0.04%-0.25%）/peryear） statistics. The results show that bushing fault is one of important reasons of transformer fire, and the process of fault is analyzed by model. Finally, the measures about reduc- ing the fire risk of transformer was taken.