不同高产管理模式对小麦产量形成及灌浆期糖质量分数的影响

Effects of High-yield Cultivation Patterns on Yield and Sugar Mass Fraction at Grain-filling Stage of Winter Wheat

为探索提高小麦产量的栽培管理模式,以冬小麦品种‘豫麦49’为供试材料,在大田条件下系统研究了3种不同栽培管理模式(常规高产管理模式CHY、常规超高产管理模式CSY、优化超高产管理模式OSY)对小麦产量形成、灌浆期旗叶及粒粒中蔗糖和可溶性糖质量分数的影响。结果表明,3种栽培方式中OSY模式年前分蘖发生早、出蘖快,分蘖成穗率高;完善小花数显著增加,穗粒数有显著提高;灌浆强度最大,粒质量增加;灌浆期旗叶及籽粒中蔗糖、可溶性糖质量分数提高,旗叶中糖转移最彻底,表现出碳代谢活性最强,显著提高了收获指数和氮肥生产效率,收获指数比CHY、CSY分别提高16.6%、3.5%,氮肥生产效率分别较CHY、CSY提高15.1%、16.6%。可见,优化超高产管理模式(OSY)是小麦超高产高效管理最适宜模式。

To study the management patterns for increasing wheat yield,we took winter wheat‘Yumai 49＇as material,the purpose is to investigate the effects of different high-yield management patterns（conventional high-yield management patterns CHY,conventional super high-yield management patterns CSY,optimization of super-high-yield management patterns OSY）on wheat yield,contents of sucrose and soluble sugar in the flag leaves and grains at filling stage under field conditions.The results showed that OSY pantterns had great effects,the tillering occurred early;the tillers were fast;the tiller rate was high;the number of perfect flowers increased significantly;grouting intensity was greatest;grain mass increased;the flag leaves at filling stage and contents of sucrose and soluble sugar in grains significantly increased;sugar of flag leaf significant shifted,and showed the strongest activity of carbon metabolism.Optimization of super-high-yield management increased harvest index and nitrogen fertilizer production efficiency significantly.Compared with CHY and CSY,harvest index of OSY increased by 16.6% and 3.5%,respectively.Compared with CHY and CSY,nitrogen productivity increased by 15.1% and 16.6%,respectively.In conclusion OSY is the most suitable pattern for efficient management in super high yield wheat under field conditions.