经胸微创封堵术治疗婴幼儿动脉导管未闭的临床研究

Clinical Investigation of Transthoracic Minimally Invasive Patent Ductus Arteriosus Occlusion in Infants and Young Children

目的:探讨经胸微创封堵术治疗婴幼儿动脉导管未闭(1PDA)的安全性及有效性。方法:收集2012-10至2014-10期间在我院接受经胸微创封堵术的105例婴幼儿PDA患者临床资料,进行回顾性分析。根据动脉导管内径大小,将患儿分为大口径组(动脉导管内径≥4 mm,n=64)和中小口径组(2 mm≤动脉导管内径<4 mm,n=41)。两组患儿术中均在胸骨上窝超声引导下经左侧胸骨旁第三肋间进行动脉导管封堵,以经胸超声心动图评价术后效果。术后1个月、3个月、6个月及每年进行超声心动图随访。结果:105例患儿均成功置入封堵器。两组患儿性别、年龄、体质量、气管插管时间及住院时间差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。大口径组与中小口径组相比,患儿PDA直径[(5.7±1.4)mm vs(2.7±0.6)mm,P<0.001]及封堵器直径[(10.6±1.8)mm vs(7.2±1.3)mm,P<0.001]较大;术后中、重度血小板减少发生率[10.9%(7/64)vs0(0/41),P=0.028]及术后即刻残余分流率[15.6%(10/64)vs 2.4%(1/41),P=0.031]较高。大口径组1例患儿术后2天因出血致心包压塞,急诊行心包引流术后痊愈。术后随访(11.6±7.8)个月,两组患儿术后1个月残余分流发生率无明显差异[1.6%(1/64)vs 0(0/41),P=0.421],术后3个月两组患儿均无残余分流。两组患儿在随访期间均无封堵器脱落、溶血、心包积液及左肺动脉和降主动脉狭窄等并发症。结论:经胸微创封堵术治疗婴幼儿PDA是一种安全、有效的方法。但对于大口径PDA患儿,需注意术后残余分流及血小板减少的观察和随访。

Objective： To investigate the safety and efficacy of transthoracic minimally invasive patent ductus arteriosus （PDA） occlusion in infants and young children. Methods： We retrospectively analyzed 105 infants and young children who received the transthoracic minimally invasive PDA occlusion in our hospital from 2012-10 to 2014-10. According to PDA diameter, patients were divided into 2 groups： Group A, the patients with PDA diameter 〉 4 mm, n=64 and group B, the patients with 2 mm〈 PDA diameter 〈 4 mm, n=41. All patients received the left third parasternal intercostal incision under suprasternal echocardiography guidance. The operative effect was evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography, and the follow-up study was performed at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months period and then annually after the operation by echocardiography. Results： All 105 patients had successfully implanted PDA occluders. The patients＇ gender, age, body weight, trachealintubation time and the in-hospital time were similar between 2 groups,P〉0.05. Compared with Group B, Group A had the larger diameters of PDA （5.7 ± 1.4） mm vs （2.7 ±0.6） mm, P〈0.001, PDA occluders （10.6 ± 1.8） mm vs （7.2 ± 1.3） mm, P〈0.001, and the higher rates of moderate and severe post-operative thrombocytopenia 10.9% （7/64） vs 0% （0/41）,P=0.028, immediate post-operative residual shunt as 15.6% （10/64） vs 2.4% （1/41）, P=0.031. There was 1 patient in Group A suffered from pericardial tamponade due to hemorrhage at 2 days after operation and he was cured by emergent pericardial drainage. The patients were followed-up for （11.6 ± 7.8） months. The 1 month post-operative residual shunt was similar between 2 groups as 1.6% （1/64） vs 0% （0/41）, P=0.421, and there was no residual shunt at 3 months after the operation. There were no complications of occluder detachment, hemolysis, pericardial effusion, left pulmonary artery or descending aortic stenosis occurred during the follow-up period. Conclusion： Transthoracic minimally invasive PDA occlusion is a safe and effective method to treat the relevant infants and young children, while the post-operative residual shunt and thrombocytopenia should be closely observed in patients with large PDA.