中国南方森林生态系统的功能、问题及对策

Forest ecosystems in the south China: functions,problems and countermeasures

南方森林对于中国林业乃至整个国民经济的持续发展和人民生活水平的提高发挥了重要作用,其生态系统功能在维持生态环境与社会经济可持续发展中极其重要。目前,中国南方森林生态系统存在林种和林龄结构不合理、人工林面积大但森林质量不高、森林灾害严重、水土流失现象严重、生物多样性减少、生态系统功能退化、林地流失严重等问题。针对上述问题,必须健全林业的金融和税收扶持政策,完善林业贴息贷款、森林保险保费补贴、森林经营补助、免缴税费等政策,促进林业产业化发展,积极推进适地适树造林政策,因地制宜优化林种结构,提高森林生物多样性,强化森林资源保护管理,实行依法治林,增强森林灾害防控,确保森林健康发展,提高森林经营水平,改善森林质量,提升林业科技进步贡献率,拓展专业技术队伍素质,以确保南方森林生态系统持续稳定健康发展。

Southern forest plays an important role for sustainable development of forestry and the rapid increase in people＇s living standard, and its ecosystem function in maintaining the ecological environment and social economic sustainable development is extremely important. Currently, there are many problems, such as unreasonable forest structure, large plantation area with low forest quality, severe forest disaster, outstanding soil erosion phenomenon, biodiversity decrease, ecosystem functions degenerate and woodland serious loss in the forest ecosystems in the south China. In response to these problems, it is proposed to strengthen the power of policy support and promote the development of forestry industrialization, optimize the structure of forest categories, raise the forest biodiversity, strengthen the protection of forest resources management, and rule forestry according to law, reinforce the forest disasters prevention and control, ensure the forest healthy development, improve the level of forest management and the quality of forest, promote the forestry science and technology progress contribution rate, expand the professional technical team quality, so as to ensure steady and healthy development of the southern forest ecosystems.