对虾养殖废水对潮间带生态系统中有机物含量的影响

Influence of Aquaculture Wastewater on the Contents of Organic Matter in Coastal Ecosystem

对虾养殖废水的排放对周边海域潮间带生态系统产生一定负面影响.本文在2014年6月到12月期间,对黄流镇对虾场附近海域潮间带水体和沉积有机物含量进行分析.结果发现:在对虾养殖早期和中期,排污口附近水体中的悬浮物含量(SS)、化学需氧量(COD)高于其他采样点,但是差异不显著(P>0.05),但是排污口附近水体中的生化需氧量(BOD5)和沉积有机物含量显著高于其他采样点(P<0.05).在对虾养殖后期,排污口附近水体中的悬浮物含量和沉积有机物含量显著高于其他采样点(P<0.05).有机物含量均呈自排污口向两侧降低趋势.研究结果表明,对虾养殖早期和中期,养殖废水对水体中BOD5和沉积有机物含量有较大影响;在养殖后期,则对悬浮物含量和沉积有机物含量有较大影响.

Aquaculture wastewater dumped from aquaculture ponds has negative effect on coastal ecosystem.Concentrations of organic matter both in water and in sediment of costal ecosystem near some shrimp ponds were measured respectively in Huangliu town from June to December 2014. In easier- and medium- period of shrimp aquaculture,it is found that the concentrations of suspended solid（ SS） and chemical oxygen demand（ COD）were higher in sampling site near dumping site of aquaculture wastewater than those of other sampling sites,but not significantly（ P〉0. 05）,but the concentrations of biochemical oxygen demand（ BOD5） and organic matter in sediment were significantly higher than those of other sampling sites（ P〈0. 05）. However,concentrations of SS and organic matter in sediment in dumping site were significantly higher than those of other sampling sites in later- period of shrimp aquaculture（ P〈0. 05）. Concentrations of organic matter both in coastal water and sediment decreased gradually from dumpling site of aquaculture wastewater to other sampling sites of two sides in whole period of shrimp aquaculture. These results indicate that aquaculture wasterwater has great influence on the concentrations of BOD5 and organic matter in sediment in easier- and medium- period of shrimp aquaculture,and on the concentrations of SS and organic matter in sediment in later- period of shrimp aquaculture as well.