油茶气象影响指标研究综述

Research Summary on Meteorological Influence Indicators of Oil Tea Camellia

基于收集到的近百篇与气象条件有关的油茶研究文献和出版书籍,进行气象条件对油茶生产影响的归类统计,其结果可分为3类,即油茶种植气候适宜性指标、油茶产量气象条件的影响指标、油茶气象灾害指标。油茶种植气候适宜性指标及条件为：（1）年平均气温14-21℃,最适宜温度为16-21℃,极端最低气温-10℃,极端最高气温40℃,最冷月平均气温0℃以上,最热月平均气温31℃以下,年无霜期大于200天,≥10℃积温为4000-7000℃·d,最适宜的≥10℃积温为5000-7000℃·d;（2）年降水量1000-2200 mm,最适宜年降水量为1200-1800 mm;相对湿度74%-85%;（3）年日照时数1500-2200 h,年日照百分率35%以上。油茶产量适宜性气象指标及条件为：（1）春梢生长期适宜的平均气温为10-20℃;（2）花芽分化期适宜的平均气温为24-33℃,最适宜平均气温为27-33℃,日平均日照时数在10 h以上;花期适宜的平均气温为10-20℃,最适宜平均气温为14-18℃,盛花期雨日小于13天,日照大于100 h;（3）果实生长期适宜的平均气温为25-30℃,降水量在200 mm以上,最适宜降水量为450-550 mm;（4）油脂累积期适宜的平均气温为16-23℃,降水量在100 mm以上,最适宜降水量为150-200 mm,高温日数小于20天。油茶主要气象灾害有：低温冷冻害、连阴雨、高温干旱、冰雹和大风。

Based on nearly one hundred oil tea Camellia research literatures and published books related tometeorological conditions, influence of the meteorological conditions on oil tea Camellia has been statisticalclassified. The results can be divided into 3 categories, namely climatic suitability index of oil tea Camellia planting, meteorological conditions＇ impact indicators of oil tea Camellia production, weather disastersindicators of oil tea Camellia. The climatic suitability index and requirement of oil tea Camellia planting are asfollows：（1） the annual average temperature is between 14 to 21℃, the optimum temperature is between 16 to21℃, the extreme minimum temperature is- 10℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 40℃, the coldestmonth average temperature is above 0℃, the hottest month average temperature is below 31℃, the annual frost-free period is more than 200 days, ≥10℃ accumulated temperature is between 4000 to 7000℃ · d, theoptimum ≥10℃ accumulated temperature is between 5000 to 7000℃·d;（2） annual precipitation is between1000 to 2200 mm, the most suitable annual precipitation is between 1200 to 1800 mm, relative humidity isbetween 74% to 85%;（3） times of annual sunshine is between 1500 to 2200 h, the percentage of annualsunshine is more than 35%. Meteorological conditions＇ impact indicators of oil tea camellia production are asfollows：（1） suitable growing average temperature of spring shoots is between 10 to 20℃;（2） the suitable average temperature is between 24 to 33℃ of period of flower bud differentiation, the optimum averagetemperature is between 27 to 33℃, the average times of days of sunshine is more than 10 h, the suitableaverage temperature of flowering is between 10 to 20℃, the optimum average temperature is 14 to 18℃, raindate is less than 13 days and sunshine is more than 100 hours during full flowering stage;（3） suitable averagetemperature of fruit growth is between 25 to 30℃, rainfall is more than 200 mm, the most suitable precipitationis between 450 to 550 mm;（4） suitable average temperature of lipid accumulation stage is between 16 to 23℃,rainfall is more than 100 mm, the optimum precipitation is between 150 to 200 mm, high temperature days isless than 20 days. The cold and frost damage, continuous rain, high temperature and drought, hail and strongwind are the main meteorological disasters of oil tea camellia.