药用植物填料减轻卷烟危害机理的研究进展

Research Advances in the Mechanism of Cigarette Harm-reducing Mediated by Filling Materials of Medicinal Plants

卷烟中药用植物填料的运用形式不同、填料在卷烟及其相关产品的使用位置不同,药用植物减害的目标指向及其理化和药理机理就不同,主要机理涉及3个方面。首先,中草药与烟草同源,药用植物用于卷烟减害契合中医的烟熏疗法,体现了中医的配伍理论,药用植物具备能预防、缓解或治疗吸烟所致疾病的特定类群。其次,药用植物填料通过直接截留、物理吸附、化学吸附和催化解毒来降低烟气中焦油、烟碱、稠环芳烃、亚硝胺、自由基、挥发性酚类、巴豆醛、氰化氢、一氧化氮、一氧化碳、氨和重金属元素的含量。再者,卷烟中药用植物成分的特定熔点、沸点或气化点和吸燃烟支的温度条件决定了成分具备烟气转移属性,能缓解、治疗吸烟所致的呼吸道疾病、血管损伤及癌变,并具一般性的消炎和提高机体免疫力的功效,可为卷烟的药用植物减害实践和中国特色卷烟的研发提供依据。

So far, lots of tests in the cigarette- manufacturing in China has proven that, different applyingpatterns of the filling materials of medicinal plants in cigarettes and different applying sites of the fillingmaterials in cigarettes and their related products can cause the harm-reducing targets and the correspondingphysicochemical and pharmacological mechanisms of the medicinal plants to be different, and the mainmechanisms mainly involve three aspects. First, traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） holds that Chinesemedicinal herbs and tobacco are homologous in terms of pharmaceutical activity. The application of medicinalplants in cigarettes agrees with the smoking therapy of TCM and reflects the compatibility theory of TCM.Medicinal plants recorded in classical TCM books contain the specific medicinal plant groups to prevent,relieve or treat the smoking-induced diseases. Second, the filling materials of medicinal plants can decreasethe contents of the tar, nicotine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrosamines, free radicals, volatile phenols,crotonaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, ammonia and some heavy metal elementswhich are produced or released by the burning cigarettes and are severelly harmful to the smokers. In addition,the specific melting points, boiling points or gasification points of the medicinal plant ingredients applied incigarettes and the temperature conditions of the burning cigarettes jointly determine the smoke- orientedshifting feature of the ingredients, which can relieve or treat the smoking-induced respiratory tract diseases,injuries of blood vessels and cancerization, and holds the general functions to eliminate inflammation andenhance the immunity of the smokers. This paper could provide a reference for the practice of the cigaretteharm-reducing mediated by medicinal plants and the research and development of the cigarettes with Chinesecharacteristics.