春季冷害导致的小麦旗叶卷曲现象调研初报

Preliminary Survey on the Phenomenon of Wheat Flag Leaves Rolling After Spring Cold Damage

为了系统了解春季冷害导致的小麦旗叶卷曲问题发生情况、影响因素及其对产量影响,笔者于2014年春季冷害发生的背景下在河北省曲周县10个乡镇的120个农民田块对小麦旗叶卷曲情况进行了调查,并利用田间定位实验研究了小麦旗叶卷曲发生与氮磷钾养分供应的关系。结果表明:冷害导致曲周县94.2%的农户麦田发生不同程度的旗叶卷曲现象,平均有11.2%的小麦植株发生旗叶卷曲现象。旗叶卷曲的小麦比旗叶未卷曲的小麦显著降低穗粒数,单穗重平均降低10.6%。小麦旗叶卷曲发生程度随着磷肥用量的增大及植株体内磷含量的增加而显著降低;氮、钾肥料用量及植株氮、钾含量与旗叶卷曲发生程度无明显相关。因此,生产中可通过适当增施磷肥减少因冷害导致的旗叶卷曲状况。

In order to understand the phenomenon of wheat flag leaves rolling after spring cold damage and theinfluencing factor and its influence on yield, a survey was carried out on 120 fields of 10 villages in Quzhou,Hebei in 2014 after spring cold damage. Meanwhile, a field experiment was conducted to study the relationshipbetween the wheat flag leaves rolling and the application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.The results showed that 94.2% of the investigated wheat fields in Quzhou had wheat flag leaves rolling damagewith different degrees caused by spring cold, and the average rate of rolling flag leaves was 11.2%. Comparedwith the wheat plant unaffected by spring cold damage, the grain number of per spike of the damaged wheatplant reduced significantly, with the single panicle weight reduced by 10.6%. The occurrence degree of flagleaves rolling remarkably decreased with the increase of phosphorus fertilizer application rate and phosphorusconcentration in wheat plants; flag leaves rolling had no significant correlation with nitrogen and potassiumfertilizer application rate and nitrogen and potassium concentration in wheat plants. Thus, it is indicated thatthe flag leaves rolling caused by spring cold could be alleviated by enhanced phosphate nutrition.