几个高油与普通玉米自交系子粒品质性状的配合力分析

Analysis of Combining Ability of Grain Quality Characteristics Between Several High Oil and Normal Maize Inbred Lines

高油玉米杂交种由高油玉米自交系和普通玉米自交系杂交组配而成,高油玉米育种的核心仍然是杂种优势的利用。为了高油玉米育种的亲本选择和组合配制提供理论依据,以3份高油玉米新种质为父本,自选的4份普通自交系为母本,采用不完全双列杂交设计组配12个F1组合为供试材料,对其子粒油分、蛋白质和淀粉含量进行配合力分析。结果表明:不同的自交系,不同品质性状的配合力表现不同。XGY003、YZ141B、H195-2具有油分含量一般配合力较高的自交系。C279、YZ141B、H195-2自交系的蛋白质一般配合力较高。XGY003、XGY020、C279、H78-3自交系的淀粉一般配合力较高。一般配合力高的亲本,容易产生特殊配合力高的组合,但双亲的一般配合力较高的也不一定组合的特殊配合力就高。本试验没有发现3个品质性状一般配合力效应值都高的自交系。综合看来,3份高油玉米种质中XGY003油分含量一般配合力效应值较高,4份普通自交系中YZ141B、H195-2油分含量一般配合力效应值较高,这3个自交系在长治地区玉米育种中可作为高油玉米自交系加大利用,以选出油分含量较高的优势组合。C279、YZ141B、H195-2自交系的蛋白质一般配合力较高,XGY003、XGY020、C279、H78-3自交系的淀粉一般配合力较高,在以后玉米育种中可作为特用玉米自交系作进一步的改良和应用。

High oil maize hybrid was derived from the crossbreeding between high oil and normal maize inbredlines. The core method of high oil maize breeding is still the use of heterosis. To provide theoretical basis forparent selection and hybridization combination in high oil maize breeding, 12 F1 crossing combinations derivedfrom three new germplasms of high oil maize as male parents and four common inbred lines as female parentswere made according to incomplete diallel cross design, and the combining abilities of oil content, proteincontent and starch content of seeds were analyzed. The results showed that the combining abilities of differentinbred lines or different quality traits were different. The general combining abilities of oil contents of inbredlines XGY003, YZ141 B and H195-2 were higher, and the general combining abilities of protein contents ofinbred lines C279, YZ141 B and H195-2 were higher. However, the general combining abilities of starchcontents of inbred lines XGY003, XGY020, C279 and H78-3 were higher. The parents with higher generalcombining ability could produce the combination with higher special combining ability likely, but that was notalways the case. In addition, no inbred lines with higher general combining ability in all the three quality traitswere found in this trail. In general, the oil content of the high oil maize germplasm XGY003 and the normalmaize inbred lines YZ141 B, H195-2 were of higher effect value in general combining ability. Therefore, thethree germplasms could be used broadly as high oil inbred lines in maize breeding in Changzhi area forselecting the superior combination with higher oil content. At the same time, the general combining abilities ofprotein contents of C279, YZ141 B and H195-2 and the starch contents of XGY003, XGY020, C279 and H78-3 were higher, and these germplasms could be used as special inbred lines for further improvement andapplication in maize breeding in the future.