不同覆膜栽培方式对玉米光合特性及产量形成的影响

Effects of Different Film-mulching Modes on Photosynthetic Characters and Yield of Maize

为探索山西晋中地区获得玉米高产稳产的适宜覆膜种植方式,在大田试验条件下研究了4种覆膜方式对玉米叶面积指数、光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、叶片水分利用效率及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,不同覆膜栽培方式均可显著提高叶面积指数、净光合速率、气孔导度和叶片水分利用效率,可显著提高花后叶片的蒸腾速率,从而显著提高产量。其中,起垄膜侧种植方式处理的光合特性最佳,产量最高,较对照提高36.2%。籽粒产量与穗行数呈显著正相关,与穗长、行粒数及百粒重呈极显著正相关;抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期光合参数与籽粒产量的相关性略高于拔节期和大喇叭口期,说明通过提升花后的光合作用能够更有效地提高作物产量。总之,起垄膜侧种植栽培方式有利于玉米提高光合特性和籽粒产量,是一种适合晋中地区玉米生产的覆膜方式。

In order to explore the suitable film-mulching mode of maize to achieve high and stable yield, theeffect of 4 film-mulching modes on leaf area index, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatalconductance, leaf WUE and grain yield were investigated under field experimental condition. The resultsshowed that compared with CK, all kinds of film-mulching modes could increase leaf area index,photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and leaf WUE and significantly increase transpiration rate afterflowering which would lead to high grain yield. Ridging film-mulching mode could achieve the most optimumphotosynthetic characters and the highest yield（36.2% higher than that of CK）. The grain yield hadsignificantly positive correlation with row number per ear, and had highly and significantly positive correlationwith ear length and grain number per row. The correlations of photosynthetic index with grain yield of headingstage, filling stage and mature stage were higher than that of jointing stage and huge bellbottom stage, whichshowed that higher grain yield could be obtained by improving photosynthesis after flowering. In conclusion,ridging film-mulching mode could increase the photosynthesis and grain yield of maize, which was a suitablefilm-mulching mode in maize cultivation in Jinzhong area.