城市轨道交通环评审批权限下放的问题及对策

Main Problems and Countermeasures: Delegation of EIA Examination and Approval Authorities for Urban Rail Transit

针对近年来我国城市轨道交通的建设及规划情况,分析城市轨道交通发展趋势。从环境保护部近年来审批的城市轨道交通环境影响评价文件和项目竣工环境保护验收调查报告着手,结合从地方环境保护及评估部门了解的情况,系统分析后认为:项目环评及验收审批权限下放后,客观上导致环评市场的放开以及环评准入门槛的降低,进而引发项目变更难界定、环评和验收文件质量难把控、项目选址优化调整难度大以及地方管理经验不足等问题。并据此提出相关对策建议:尽快出台城市轨道交通变更的认定文件,加强事中事后监管,开展灵活多样的指导培训工作,制定监督检查计划,加强技术标准建设和基础性研究工作等。

The construction and planning situations of Chinese urban rail transit in recent years are introduced and its development trend is analyzed in the future. Referring to the Environmental Impact Assessment（ EIA） documents and the acceptance investigation reports of environmental protection for completed construction projects approved by Ministry of Environmental Protection in the past several years and some relevant materials provided by the local environmental protection and evaluation departments,the authors made a systematical analysis on the situation after delegation of EIA examination and approval authorities.It was found that due to the delegation of authorities,it was difficult to define a project change,to control the quality of EIA documents and acceptance reports and to optimize the project location and the local government could not obtain sufficient expertise in EIA management,which resulted in the market liberalization and reduction of barriers in EIA. Finally,the authors put forward some countermeasures and suggestions, including formulating documents to identify project changes as soon as possible,strengthening supervision during the progress and afterwards,carrying out various guiding and training work,making inspection plan,enhancing the establishment of technical standards and basic research work,etc.