汉语否定词移动的句法语义效应及其解释

Grammatical and Semantic Effects Caused by the Moving of a Negator in Mandarin Chinese and Some Relevant Explanations

现代汉语否定词移动所带来的句法、语义后果主要有三:a.句法合格,语义不变;b.句法合格,语义改变;c.句法不合格。通过对上述三种情况的细致考查,本文得出以下结论:a.否定词的移动大都会导致句法、语义的变化,能够自由移动(句法合格、语义不变)的情况十分有限;b."质否定"结构(即NegVP)通常不会引起辖域歧义,而"量否定"结构(即NegZVP)则反之;c.否定词内嵌越深,移动阻力越大。按照否定词移动阻力的大小,我们可以建立如下几个等级(">"号表示大于):A.成分>子句>母句;B.量否定>质否定;C.孤岛>非孤岛。

In Chinese the moving of a negator in a construction usually makes the construction(1)grammatical and semantically unchanged,(2) grammatical but semantically changed,or(3)ungrammatieal.After inquiring into the data of these three types carefully,the following conclusions can be drawn;(1) in most cases,the moving of a negator will make the construction change both grammatically and semantically,and the unchanged cases are rare;(2) the moving of a negator will not cause scope ambiguity in 'quality negation' construction(NegVP),but it will do in a 'quantity negation' construction(NegXVP);and(3) the deeper the negator is embedded,the more difficult it will be to move it.By the difficulty of moving,the following orders may be set up( '>' means more than):(1) sentence element>clause>matrix sentence;(2) quantity negation construction>quality negation construction;and(3) island construction>non-island construction.