维汉维持性血液透析患者自我管理状况及影响因素分析

Analysis of self management situations and influence factors in maintenance hemodialysis patients between Uyghur and Han ethnic

目的：探讨新疆地区维汉维持性血液透析患者的自我管理现状及其影响因素，为指导健康教育提供资料。方法随机抽取2011年10月至2013年3月来我科行血液透析的维汉患者124例，采用自我管理问卷对其进行调查，对其管理现状及影响因素进行研究。结果汉族比维吾尔族血液透析患者在日常生活管理维度、认知意识管理维度的得分要高（P＜0.05）。维吾尔族血液透析患者在社会心理管理维度得分要高于汉族（P＜0.05）。汉族总分高于维吾尔族（ P＜0.05）。汉族血液透析患者的影响因素包括文化程度、年龄、医保类型、焦虑程度及病程；而影响维吾尔族血液透析患者的自我管理水平的因素为文化程度、医保类型、家属支持度及病程。结论应加强对低学历、自费、病程较短以及存在焦虑状态汉族患者的健康教育，加强低学历、自费、家庭支持度较差以及病程短的维吾尔族患者的健康教育，从而达到提高患者的生活质量和长期存活率的目的。

Objective To explore the self management situations and influence factors in maintenance hemodi-alysis patients between Uyghur and Han ethnic in Xinjiang area, to provide information for health education.Methods From March 2011 to October 2013, 124 patients in our department were selected, and analyzed with self management situations and influence factors after using questionnaire to investigation.Results Han ethnic in daily life management dimension and cognitive awareness management dimension scored higher than Uyghur ethnic patients （ P〈0.05） .Uyghur patients in social psychology dimension scored higher than Han ethnic （P〈0.05） .In total score, Han ethnic were high than Uyghur ethnic （ P〈0.05） .Influence factors of Han ethnic patients included education degree , age, type of medical insurance, anxiety status, and length of disease; influence factor for Uyghur patients were education degrees, type of medical insurance, family support effect, and length of disease.Conclusions We should strengthen health education of the low education, no medical coverage, short in disease term, and anxiety patients in Han ethnic, we should take more attention to family support rate are good, and short in disease term, in Uyghur ethnic, only do that we can achieve a goal to improve quality of life, and long term survival rate.