延迟焦化装置的用能分析与优化策略研究

An Analysis of Energy Use of Delayed Coking Units and Optimization Strategy

延迟焦化装置具有工艺成熟、原料灵活、操作和投资费用低等特点,其优化用能的系统化策略包括:要以装置总物料流程优化为基础,优化原料、产品流程以及装置循环比,缩短生焦周期;在保证装置产品质量的前提下,优化装置的反应条件,选取合适的反应温度、压力,优化装置的反应用能;优化分馏系统取热,优化换热网络与发汽量,加强热量回收,提高原料换热终温,降低加热炉负荷;优化吸收稳定系统中各塔操作条件,加强分馏系统与吸收稳定系统的热集成,回收利用稳定汽油的热量,结合全厂实际选择合理的压缩机驱动源;总结延迟焦化装置单元过程与设备节能措施,包括加热炉优化、大吹汽改造、除焦优化等;在对延迟焦化装置进行优化之后,选择合理的措施回收利用装置低温热,加强装置上下游的热联合,实现热供料,装置内部无法消化的低温热纳入全厂低温热系统。

Delayed coking units feature proven process,flexible feedstock use and low operating cost and capital investment.The systematic strategies for optimizing the energy use of these units include ：Based on the optimization of the total material process of units,optimizing feedstock,product process and circulating ratio of units to shorten coke production cycle;while ensuring product quality,optimizing units′ reaction conditions,selecting the appropriate reaction temperature and pressure and optimizing unit ′ s energy use in reactions;optimizing heat collection for the fractionating system,optimizing heat exchange network and steam production,strengthening heat recovery,increasing the end temperature of heat exchange for feedstock and reducing heating furnace load;optimizing the operating conditions for all columns of the absorption and stabilization sys-tem,strengthening heat integration for the fractionating system and the absorption and stabilization system,recovering heat for stabilizing gasoline and selecting the proper drive source for compressors according to the refinery′ s specifics;summarizing measures of saving energy for unit processes and equipment of delayed cok-ing units,including optimization of heating furnace,mass steam blowing and decoking;selecting appropriate measures to recover low-temperature heat from units after optimization of delayed coking units,strengthening the heat integration between upstream and downstream units,implementing hot feeding and including the low-temperature heat that cannot be consumed internally in units into the refinery-level low-temperature heat sys-tem.