国有企业所有制改革的理论、实践及未来趋势

经济学理论对国有企业效率低下的原因主要有四种解释,对国有企业改革的主张大致分为市场环境说、公司治理说和产权说。中共十四届五中全会以来国有企业所有制改革在政策和实践层面不断发展,中共十八届三中全会后力度加大。这场由中央和地方政府主导、大大小小的国有企业和民营企业参与的制度变迁,在分类标准、混合方式、股权比例、国资证券化率、治理结构、投资平台和运营平台、员工激励、配套措施等具体方面进行了大胆尝试。政策稳定性、市场竞争环境建设、政府职能变革、意识形态支持以及改革的灵活性将是今后改革需要进一步突破的重点。

There are four major interpretations on the low-efficiency of SOE, according to economics theory. Market environment the- ory, corporate governance theory and property theory are the three major propositions for the reform of SOE. The ownership reform of the SOE has been developed politically and practically ever since the Fifth Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee of the CPC. This institutional change, led by central and local governments, involved by SOEs and private en- terprises, made bold attempts at many aspects like classification standard, mixture methods, equity proportion, governance structure and operation platform. Stability in policies, market competition environment construction, the reform of govern- ment function and the support on ideology are the highlights for the further reform.