不同情境下自尊与归因偏向对焦虑情绪的影响

Attributional Bias of Self-esteem and Its Effects on State Anxiety

目的:探讨不同情境下自尊的归因偏向及其对焦虑情绪的影响。方法:以216名大学生为对象,运用自尊量表筛选出122名大学生为被试,采用问卷调查与诱导实验相结合的方法进行研究。结果:1 t检验中,低自尊被试在归因偏向的内外、稳定、普遍三个维度上的平均分分别为0.72、3.56、2.75;高自尊被试平均分分别为4.44、7.39、6.49;2假想事件的归因偏向对失败前、失败后的状态焦虑及失败前后焦虑差主效应均不显著;3对于失败前后焦虑差,自尊与失败后归因偏向的主效应及二者之间的交互作用均显著,分别是F(1,118)=7.56,P<0.01;F(1,118)=4.83,P<0.05;F(1,118)=5.44,P<0.05。结论:假想事件的归因偏向对失败前、失败后的状态焦虑及失败前后焦虑差主效应均不显著,而失败情境下失败后的归因偏向可以有效缓冲焦虑情绪,自尊与失败后的归因偏向在对焦虑情绪的影响上存在交互作用。

Objective： To examine the effect of self-affirmation on state anxiety after failure. Methods： Self-esteem scale was applied to 122 subjects from 216 college students. The question was solved by combining the method of questionnaire inquiry with a condition experiment, and the data was analyzed by t-test and ANOVA. Results： ①The mean score on the three dimensions in low self-esteem subjects were 0.72、3.56、2.75, and that of high self-esteem subjects was 4.44、7.39、6.49 respectively. ②The main effect of attributional bias for hypothetical outcome on state anxiety difference before and after failure was not significant. ③ANOVA showed significant main effect of self-esteem, attributional bias and their interactive effects on anxiety. Conclusion： The main effect of attributional bias for hypothetical outcome on state anxiety difference before and after failure is not significant. But attributional bias for specific failure have different effects on state anxiety. There is interactive effect between self-esteem and attributional bias on anxiety after failure.