我国自然保护区应对气候变化风险现状、问题与对策

State,Problems and Countermeasures of Climate Change Risk Management at Nature Reserve in China

气候变化会导致自然保护区主要保护对象、潜在边界或关键生境发生迁移或灭失,直接影响自然保护区的生态服务功能,甚至威胁国家生态安全。根据实地调研材料,文中分析了气候变化对我国自然保护区的影响、风险管控现状和面临的问题,从加强自然保护区气候变化影响监测、风险预警与管控科学研究,构建应对气候变化风险的适应性管理技术体系,建立健全管控机制,开展试点示范,开展应对气候变化风险的国际合作与交流等方面提出了对策建议,以期为我国在应对气候变化和划定生态红线的新形势下加强自然保护区适应性管理提供决策参考。

Climate change will lead to the migrating and loss of main protective objects,potential boundary and key habitats in nature reserves,may directly affect the ecosystem services and functions of nature reserves,and even threaten the national ecological security. Based on field investigation,this paper analyzed the impact of climate change on nature reserve in China,as well as the situation and problems of risk management and control. Thereafter, the countermeasures were brought forward, including：（ 1） to strengthen the research and monitoring of climate change impacts,early warning and management of climate change risk;（ 2） to construct the technology system of adaptive management of climate change risk;（ 3） to improve the mechanism of risk management and control,and then carry out its demonstration; and（ 4） to enhance the level of international cooperation and communication in climate change risk management at nature reserve. The purpose of this study was to provide a reference for decision to enhance the adaptive management of nature reserve in the new situation in response to climate change and setting up ecological red line in China.