北京市东城区小学生用眼行为及家长预防近视影响因素分析

Influencing factor analysis of myopia prevention behavior among primary school pupils and their parents of Dongcheng district in Beijing

目的了解北京市东城区小学生用眼习惯与负担,探讨健康信念模型与家长防近行为的关系。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取北京市东城区6所小学二~六年级的825名学生家长,采用自行设计的小学生视力相关健康行为调查问卷,调查学生的近视相关健康行为以及家长知信行与健康教育需求。结果 12.00%的学生经常躺着或趴着看书,17.70%的学生学习时很少或几乎不同时开台灯和日常照明灯,感觉眼疲劳后仍继续看书的学生占12.61%;学生用眼时间较长、负担较重,83.27%的学生参加课外补习班或兴趣班,每天放学后户外活动不足1 h的学生占43.08%,42.77%的学生睡眠不足9 h。用通径分析方法对家长防近行为的健康信念模型分析结果显示,感知的益处（Py6=0.136 1）、自我效能（Py8=0.520 6）和提示因素（Py9=0.095 3）这3个变量对防近行为起到正向直接影响,感知的障碍（Py7=-0.069 8）对其呈负向直接影响（P值均〈0.05）;而易感性和严重性与防近行为均无统计学意义（P值均〉0.05）;社会人口学特征中家长的文化程度通过行为益处认知对防近行为的间接影响具有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论家长态度对于学生用眼习惯的养成起到至关重要的作用。通过有针对性的健康教育增强家长的健康信念,可以促进家长对学生视力保护行为的实施。

Objective To investigate the situation of myopia-related health behaviors among students and their parents in Dongcheng district of Beijing, and to explore associated factors. Methods The anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among 841 parents of pupils from grade 2 to 6 in six primary schools in Dongcbeng district by using cluster sampling method. Results About 12% of the students reported often reading while lying down, 17.7% of students seldom read with light on during the daytime, and students reading a book under eye strain accounted for 12.61%. Nearly 83.27% of the students attended after-school classes. Students who took part in outdoor activities after school less than 1 h/day accounted for 43.08%, and 42.77% of students slept for less than nine hours. Perceived benefits （ Py6 = 0.136 1 ） , self-efficacy （Py8 = 0.520 6） and prompt factor （ Py9 = 0.095 3 ） had positive effects and perceived harriers （Pr7 =-0.069 8） had negative effects on the preventive behaviors of myopia.Myopia prevention behavior among parents had no association with perceived susceptibility and severity of students＇ myopia （ P〉0.05 ）. No indirect influence of social and cultural factors was found on myopia preventive behaviors through the 4 health beliefs. Conclusion Parents play a crucial role in students＇ myopia-related habits. An integrative model for myopia prevention behavior of parents should be encouraged to develop urgently.