意思表示的解释方法

Interpretation Approaches of Intention Expression

意思表示的解释不但是民法理论问题,也是法律适用的问题。其理论经历了"意思说"和"表示说"到"效力说"的发展,在法律适用上现代民法主要采"自然解释"、"规范解释"和"(合同)的补充解释"法。"自然解释"实践中主要适用于遗嘱的解释和"误言无害真意"解释规则中;"规范解释"法则主要适用需受领的意思表示和向不特定多数人做出的意思表示,而"补充解释"则用于填补合同的漏洞。另一方面,"自然解释法"和"规范解释法"的适用领域不能严格区分,应当互为补充。

The interpretation of intention expression is not only a theoretical issue of civil law,but also the issue of applicable law. This theory has evolved from the ＂intention doctrine＂to the ＂expression doctrine＂and to the ＂validity doctrine＂. With regard to applicable law,the modern civil law has mainly resorted to＂natural interpretation＂,＂normative interpretation＂and ＂complementary interpretation of（ contract） ＂. In practice,the approach of ＂natural interpretation＂is mainly applicable to the interpretation of wills and ＂falsa demonstratio non nocet＂; the ＂normative interpretation＂approach is mainly used for receivable intention expressions and those made to the general public; while the ＂validity interpretation＂approach is used to fill the gaps in the contract. Moreover,the ＂natural interpretation＂and ＂normative interpretation＂cannot be strictly separated in applicable situations but rather be complementary to each other.