以出土文献为据再论召公不是文王之子——兼与张懋镕商榷青铜器上的“日名”与“族徽”问题

A Textual Perspective on the Duke Shao's Identity:Discussion on the Issue of Riming and Zuhui with Prof.Zhang Maorong

学术界的传统观点认为召公是文王之子,与周公为兄弟。但是,研究周代历史比较可靠的传世文献,不能为召公为文王之子提供可靠的文字依据;出土的有关召公家族的青铜器上所见"日名"与"族徽"符号,表明召公家族属于殷商文化圈而非姬周文化圈;传世文献与出土文献综合证明,召公在周初分封赏赐活动中,被排除在宝物赏赐之列。综合权衡,召公不是文王之子,其真实身份应当是周初开国之异族功臣。

The conventional viewpoint in literature usually suggests Duke Shao was the descent of King Wen and a brother of Duke Zhou. However, the author highlights that there is no solid evidence in transmitted texts to support this idea. In addition, the riming （names using celestial stems） andzuhu/ （elan emblems） on excavated bronzes suggest that the clan of Duke Shao is more likely to belonging to the ethrfic group associated with the Shang people instead of the Zhou people with the surname Ji. Furthermore, transmitted and excavated texts both document Duke Shao was not on the list during the ritual of treasure goods bestowing by the Zhou King. In short, the author argues that Duke Shao should belong to a high-rauk elite with non-Ji surname. But very unlikely Duke Shao would be the son of King Wen.