论公共文化机构对孤儿作品的合理使用

On Public Cultural Institutions for the Fair Use of Orphan Works

随着大数据时代的发展,公共文化机构的数字化进程已经无法绕开对大量孤儿作品的利用问题。由于相关立法滞后,我国公共文化机构对孤儿作品的利用需要承担高昂的经济成本或巨大的侵权风险,致使孤儿作品资源被大量闲置。为了更好地平衡激励创作与公众获取之间的关系,应当进一步完善公共文化机构对孤儿作品的合理使用制度,将公共文化机构的特定利用行为纳入合理使用的范围,并明确其合理使用的方式和条件,以充分实现孤儿作品的文化价值。

With the development of the era of big data, digital process of public cultural institutions has been impossible to ignore a large number of orphan works. Due to the lag in legislation, public cultural institutions still confront high economic costs or huge infringement risk while they use the orphan works, which leads to the situation that orphan works resources are idle. The best approach to solve this problem is to expand the explanation of fair use in Copyright Law. The behaviors of the public cultural institutions which conform to the constitutive requirements should be treated as fair use. Only in this way, cultural value of the orphan works can be maximized in legal system environment. It＇s also important for the balance between the incentive to create and the public access.