大国之路的外交抉择--万隆会议与求同存异外交理念发展探究

The Road to a Great Power:Bandung Conference and the Diplomatic Notion of China

中国1955年参加亚非会议所体现的求同存异的万隆精神,表明中国已经在国际社会彰显一个具有亲和力、领导力的大国的形象。然而,在历史的进程中,不难看出,从和平共处到求同存异,作为新中国成立后30年间外交路线中的重要理念,面临着不同的主张和理念的竞争与挑战。基于阶级斗争话语的革命路线在那段时间不仅活跃于内政问题上,也经常在外交领域居于主流地位。在妥协与斗争之间的方向选择,对于中国在国际事务中的利益和目标产生了不同的效果。实践证明,强硬的斗争姿态会使我们在国际事务中孤立,失去与各国的交流机会;柔和共存的姿态则能够赢得更多的支持和理解,更有助于实现自身的利益。不同外交立场对于中国大国道路的影响,至今仍然有着鲜明的启示意义。

The spirit of seeking common ground while reserving differences that China expressed in 1955 while participating in Bandung Conference embodies China＇s endeavor to create an image of kindness, lead- ing great power within international society. However, in the process of history, it is not hard to find out that the notion of peaceful coexistence as well as seeking common ground while reserving differences faced with competitions and challenges in choosing the right road of foreign affairs in the first 30 years after the estab- lishment of the PRC. The notion of revolution based on class struggle often appeared not only in domestic af- fairs but also foreign policies during that period. Different consequences occur when choosing different direc- tions. When we tried to show a posture of struggle with enemies and components, we would be isolated and difficult to cooperate with other states; when we changed our attitude to be gentle and coexistent, we might gain more support and understanding, and our interest could be realized easily. The influence of different position in foreign policy on China＇s road to a great power still inspires us today.