基于数据挖掘方法的历代小柴胡汤同名方衍化规律比较分析

Comparative analysis of the derived rules of the prescriptions named Xiaochaihu decoction in past dynasties—analysis with data mining methods

目的:以仲景小柴胡汤为基础,对比分析历代小柴胡汤同名方,阐明其存在的密切衍化关系。方法:收录《中医方剂大辞典》中名为"小柴胡汤"的19首方剂,以频数分析为切入点,对小柴胡汤同名方的药物、药物功效、主治症状、主治病名四个方面进行频数统计,总结小柴胡汤同名方的用药规律。结果:19首小柴胡汤同名方共出现药物40种,共138频次,以柴胡为最;其中非仲景小柴胡汤原方药物共33种,46频次,以理气药为最;小柴胡汤同名方的主治症状,共52种、208频次,以寒热往来为最;小柴胡汤同名方的主治病名,共9种,43频次,以外感发热类为最。结论:历代小柴胡汤同名方虽然在方药组成、配伍结构各有其特点和规律,其功效主治亦会相应的改变,但皆由仲景小柴胡汤化裁而来。对历代小柴胡汤进行比较浅析,可加深对仲景小柴胡汤内涵的理解,同时指导于临床。

Objective： Based on the famous prescription Xiaochaihu Decoction founded by Zhang Zhongjing,all the prescriptions named Xiaochaihu Decoction in the past dynasties are compared to clarify their existing close relationship of derivation. Methods：In order to conclude the drug application principles of the prescriptions with the same name ＂Xiaochaihu Decoction＂,putting the frequency analysis as the starting point,19 types of prescriptions named ＂Xiaochaihu Decoction＂collected in the Dictionary of Chinese Medicine Prescriptions were compared in the aspects of the prescription forms,efficacies,the main syndromes they functioned,and the main disease names they treated. Results： In the 19 types of prescriptions named Xiaochaihu Decoction,40 herbs appeared totally 138 times,in which Bupleurum（ Chaihu） appeared most; 33 herbs not belonging to the Zhang Zhongjing＇s Xiaochaihu Decoction appeared46 times,most of which belonged to medicines for regulating Qi flow; 52 main syndromes of the prescriptions named Xiaochaihu Decoction appeared 208 times,syndromes of alternating fever and cold appeared most; 9 major function diseases of the prescriptions named Xiaochaihu Decoction appeared 43 times,exogenous fever appeared the most. Conclusion： Although their prescription forms and compatibility structures have different characters and regular patterns,the namesake prescriptions of Xiaochaihu Decoction in the past dynasties are all derived from the same classic prescription Xiaochaihu Decoction founded by Zhang Zhongjing. The comparative analysis of the prescriptions named Xiaochaihu Decoction in past dynasties can deepen our understanding of Zhang Zhongjing＇s prescription Xiaochaihu Decoction,and guiding the clinical.