桥梁对高速列车气动特性影响的风洞试验研究

Wind tunnel test of aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed train on bridge

为考虑侧风作用下桥梁对高速列车气动特性的影响,以高速列车与双线简支箱梁桥为原型,自主研制缩尺比为1:20的车-桥模型风洞试验模型装置,该装置可改变风偏角、测试对象以及列车与桥梁的相对位置等。测试高速列车的头车、中车及尾车各自的气动力,建立天平坐标系下测试数据转换到整体坐标系的转换关系,讨论雷诺数、车辆在桥面横向相对位置、风偏角对高速列车气动系数的影响。研究结果表明:基于自主研制车-桥模型的风洞试验测试是可行的;雷诺数对车-桥系统的气动性能影响有限;列车位于迎风侧线路时气动影响显著;随风偏角的增大,高速列车的侧力系数、升力系数、侧倾力矩系数存在减小的趋势。测试所得的高速列车气动参数可用于进一步开展风-车-桥耦合振动分析。

In order to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles on bridge under crosswind, a high-speed train model and simple support box bridge were designed to measure the aerodynamic forces acting on the vehicles by a self-developed wind tunnel test model with a scale of 1：20. In the wind tunnel test model, yaw angle, test objects and relative position of vehicle and bridge were easy to change. The aerodynamic force coefficients of head train, middle train and rear train of high-speed train were tested with the established method to transform test data from balance coordinate system to the global coordinate system. Reynolds number, laterally relative position of vehicle and bridge and yaw angle were investigated to demonstrate their effects on aerodynamic force coefficients of vehicles on bridge. The results show that the model wind tunnel test is practicable for aerodynamic force measurement of the vehicle-bridge system, and the impact of Reynolds number on vehicle-bridge system is limited. Train side force, lift force and roll moment coefficients tend to decrease with the increase of yaw angle, while other coefficients are insensitive to yaw angle. The measured aerodynamic parameters of train can be utilized for coupling vibration analysis of wind-vehicle-bridge systems.