从数字大坝到智慧大坝

From digital dam toward smart dam

首先回顾了水利工程大坝建设的发展进程,阐述了数字大坝概念与其研究成果;指出了目前数字大坝研究在对海量数据进行智能深度分析方面,现场监测、仿真分析与智能控制融合程度方面等存在的不足;诠释了数字大坝与智慧大坝在理念上的不同;智慧大坝是以数字大坝为基础框架,以物联网、智能技术、云计算与大数据等新一代信息技术为基本手段,建立动态精细化的可感知、可分析、可控制的智能化大坝建设与运行管理体系;其次,该体系具有整体性、协同性、融合可拓展性、自主性和鲁棒性的特点。论述了智慧大坝的信息实时感知模块、联通化实时传输模块、智能化实时分析模块与智能化实时管理决策系统等基本架构;分析了智慧大坝与数字大坝相比在信息自主采集、智能重构分析、智能决策、集成可视化等方面的跨越。最后探讨了智慧大坝在基础理论、关键技术与管理运行体系上的重点研究方向。

This paper first reviews the advancements in dam construction and development in hydraulic engineering, and summarizes the conceptualization of digital dam and its related research achievements. Then, we present an interpretation of the difference between the two concepts of digital dam and smart dam, based on a brief discussion on several disadvantages of digital dam, including insufficient depth in intelligent analysis of massive data and relatively low fusing level of site monitoring, simulation analysis and intelligent control. Smart dam is a new concept that is based on the digital dam conceptualization but emphasizes a specific form of dam development, i.e. adoption of new-generation information technologies as a basic means, such as Intemet of things, intellectual technology, cloud computing, and big data. This concept also means a specific intelligent system of dam management and operation that is dynamic, refined, and perceivable in analysis and control. Besides, a smart dam often has distinctive features such as integrity, interoperability, fusion-expansibility, autonomy, and robustness. Third, we describe a basic framework of smart dams in detail, including a real-time information perception module, an interconnected real-time transmission module, an intelligent real-time analysis module, and an intelligent real-time management decision system, focusing on analysis of the progress and superiority of smart dams over digital dams in independent information collection, smart reconstruction analysis, intelligent decision, and integrated visualization. Finally, we explore key directions of smart dam research in fundamental theory, key technology, and management and operation system.