面向空间直线与圆弧相接的球头刀具半径补偿研究

Study on Ball-end Cutter Radius Compensation for Spatial Straight Line and Circular Arc Connected

刀具半径补偿技术是CNC数控系统中的关键技术,根据编程轨迹及刀具半径值计算出刀具中心的运动轨迹来保证零件轮廓。定义了方向矢量的概念,提出一种基于方向矢量的三维刀具半径补偿技术,推导了球铣刀铣削空间直线与圆弧相接零件轮廓的刀具半径补偿计算公式。其中相邻刀具路径转接过渡时采用了圆弧过渡而不是直线过渡的形式,避免了尖锐拐角的形成,有利于刀具的平稳运动。仿真结果证明了该算法的可行性。

Cutter radius compensation is the key technology in CNC system. It is the necessary premise to guarantee the part contour according to programming track and cutter radius to plan the tool center path. The concept of orientation vector is defined and a technology of 3D cutter radius compensation based on vector method is put forward. The calculation formula of space straight line and the circular arc which are formed by ball-end cutter is derived. The corresponding algorithm of tool center path for programming contour is established according to the relation between the geometric elements. Arc transition is adopted rather than linear transition form when the adjacent tool path is switching transition can avoid the formation of sharp corner,which is beneficial to the smooth motion of the tool. Simulation results proved that the algorithm is accurate and feasible.