中外优秀艺术体操个人运动员身体与器械结合的特征分析

An Analysis of the Characteristics of the Combined Body and Apparatus of Elite Individual Rhythmic Gymnasts

运用录像分析、数理统计、分析归纳等研究方法,针对2015年全国艺术体操个人冠军赛和2015年艺术体操欧锦赛个人单项前3名优秀运动员四项器械共计24套成套动作进行深层梳理,依据2013-2016版国际艺术体操评分规则个人项目评分结构的特征,对中外艺术体操个人运动员难度体系身体与器械的结合进行剖析,从世界优秀运动员的技术特点出发,找出我国个人项目在世界大赛上无法取得优异成绩的根源所在。结果表明:新周期评分结构的特征重推身体与器械并重的主体地位;身体难度的完成质量不容乐观,舞步组合器械技术运用的欠缺,每项器械独有的惊险性动作缺少高超、精准的技术做支撑,器械熟练性动作缺少创意是我国运动员与世界优秀选手身体与器械结合存在显著差距的根源所在;完美、巧妙、惊险、创意的"经典"结合共同提高成套动作的技术、艺术、观赏、创新之美,是我国艺术体操个人运动员身体与器械结合的发展途径。

Using video analysis and mathematical statistics,the present project looked at 24 sets of routines in four apparatuses,performed by the top three gymnasts in the individual events at the 2015 National Rhythmic Gymnastics Individual Championships and the 2015 Rhythmic Gymnastics European Championships. In reference to the 2013-2016 international rating rules of rhythmic gymnastics individual events and the technical features of world top gymnasts,this study analyzed the difficulty system and the combination of body and apparatuses of the above mentioned gymnasts,aiming to identify the root causes of unsatisfactory performance in individual events at major international tournaments by Chinese athletes. The new rating regulations emphasize the balance between body and apparatus. In the meantime,for Chinese gymnasts,the execution of body difficulty is far from satisfactory,there are flaws in dance steps combination,and the handling of the thrilling movements peculiar to each apparatus is lacking in quality and precision while proficient movements are often without originality. This all explains the gap between rhythmic gymnasts of China and the world. The way out for the combined body and apparatuses of Chinese individual gymnasts consists in incorporating perfection,cleverness,hrilling-ness,and creativity and raising the technical,artistic,aesthetic and innovative levels.