国际非营利体育组织的公信力弱化及其治理——因国际足联腐败事件引发的思考

The Weakening of the Credibility of International Non-profit Sports Organizations and Their Governance——a Reflection on FIFA Corruption

国际足联的腐败问题引起了各国政府、公众、赞助商等的关切,引发了人们对于世界足联的质疑,本文通过文献资料、综合分析、访谈等研究方法基于国际非营利体育组织公信力的问题以国际足联为例进行了探讨,认为目前国际非营利体育组织公信力弱化主要表现在:无处不在的"钱权交易"、屡禁不止的"腐败行为"、暗潮涌动的"内外之争"等方面,分析结合专家访谈认为造成国际非营利体育组织公信力弱化的主要原因包括(但不穷尽)非营利体育组织社会责任意识的缺位或不足;信息公开不够,自律意识簿弱;内部自治制度存在一定的缺陷,外部监管不到位且较为乏力等。针对国际非营利体育公信力弱化的问题提出组织要提高社会责任意识,承担应然的社会公益职责;要建立完备的信息公开制度,明确信息公开的内容、信息公开的通道并明确信息公开的要求,做到对各利益相关者负责;针对非营利体育组织的内部治理困境和漏洞,认为必须重塑组织内部治理体系,要强化权责体系、建立必要的考核机制;针对内部治理的自由裁量问题各国际体育组织必须完善外部监督,引入全球治理制度,建立国家政府、社会组织、强势媒体、公众舆论、赞助商等联合"执法"的国际体育组织执政共同体,以从外部更好的约束各非营利性体育组织,并配以归属地的法律建设来强化法律硬约束。

FIFA corruption has raised concerns among the governments,the general public,and the sponsors,having aroused suspicion all the world over about the world football governing body. This paper discusses the credibility of international non-profit sports organizations,using the FIFA as case study. To this end,we adopted,among other methods,literature searches,a comprehensive analysis,and interviews. We have found that the weakening of international non-profit sports organizations is manifested mainly in the following aspects： trading power for money,corruption,power struggle,etc. The reasons lie,among others,in the absence or lack of awareness of social responsibility,insufficient information disclosure,lack of self-discipline,deficiency in internal autonomy,and inappropriate and loose external supervision. To cure these problems,international non-profit organizations should raise their awareness of social responsi-bility,establish a sound information disclosure system（ which specifies what to publicize and how,requirements for information disclosure and assumes responsibility for the stakeholder）. They should reshape the organization＇s internal control system,strengthen the accountability system,and establish necessary assessment mechanisms. They should also improve external supervision by introducing a global governance system,incorporating the national government,social organizations,strong media,public opinions,and sponsors to better constrain sports organizations.